Tag Archives: command line

Get System Information Using the Terminal

Posted by cviorel on February 19, 2008 No comments | This post has 1,379 views.

Troubleshooting, upgrading, or just curious? Find out what’s in your system without opening the case. Using these Linux command line tools, you can get details about your hardware and distribution.

I’ve tested these commands in Ubuntu 7.10, but they should all work in other Linux distributions. Unless noted otherwise, all of this software is included by default with Ubuntu.

Graphics card:

glxinfo

glxinfo

– details about OpenGL, the Xserver, and your graphics card

glxinfo | grep direct

1	glxinfo \| grep direct

– do you have direct 3d rendering?

glxinfo | grep vendor

1	glxinfo \| grep vendor

– graphics card vendor

lspci | grep VGA

1	lspci \| grep VGA

– specific graphics card model

glxgears

glxgears

– a simple 3d benchmark, prints frame rate to the terminal

xrandr

xrandr

– supported display resolutions

Audio:

lspci | grep Audio

1	lspci \| grep Audio

– audio controller

aplay --list-devices

1	aplay --list-devices

– more audio device information

Software versions:

cat /etc/issue

1	cat /etc/issue

– current distribution and version

apt-cache showpkg packagename

1	apt-cache showpkg packagename

– packagename’s version and dependencies

uname -r

uname -r

– Linux kernel version

uname -a

uname -a

– all kernel details

Networking:

lspci | grep Ethernet

1	lspci \| grep Ethernet

– Ethernet controllers

ifconfig

ifconfig

– networking interfaces, IP addresses, and more

Processor:

cat /proc/cpuinfo

1	cat /proc/cpuinfo

– all processors, clock speeds, flags, and more

cat /proc/loadavg

1	cat /proc/loadavg

– processor load average for the last 1, 5, and 15 minutes

top

top

– press C key to sort processes by CPU usage

Memory:

cat /proc/meminfo

1	cat /proc/meminfo

– amount of RAM and swap, and how much is being used for what

free -m

free -m

– total, used, and free memory shown in MB

top

top

– press M key to sort processes by memory usage

Hard disks:

df -H

df -H

– partitions, as well as their mount-points and usage in GB

sudo fdisk -l

1	sudo fdisk -l

– all partitions, their device names, and positions on disk

USB devices:

lsusb

lsusb

– USB buses and attached devices

Even more:

lshal -m

lshal -m

– monitor for hardware changes

lspci

lspci

– all PCI devices

hwinfo --short

1	hwinfo --short

(install from package hwinfo) – overview of all hardware, as well as more detailed info

lshw

lshw

– another program for listing hardware

lshw -html | w3m -T text/html

1	lshw -html \| w3m -T text/html

– lists hardware with HTML output in the w3m web browser

uptime

uptime

– current time elapsed since last reboot, users, and load average

HOWTO: Create a FTP server with user access (proftpd)

Posted by cviorel on September 19, 2007 1 comment | This post has 3,092 views.

A. The GUI way (for beginners only)

For those who are new to linux and don’t want to use a FTP server without GUI, or just for those who don’t use often their FTP server and wish to set it
quickly without a high level of security, there is a GTK GUI for proftpd.
Be careful, it’s less secure than configuring yourself your server.

1. Install proftpd and gproftpd with synaptic or with this command:
Code:

sudo apt-get install proftpd gproftpd

1	sudo apt-get install proftpd gproftpd

2. Play with the GUI and set up quickly your server.

Feel free to post here if you have some problems with gproftpd but it shouldn’t be too hard to use (it took me 2 minutes to set up a small FTP server ).

B. The secure way

1. Install proftpd with synaptic or with this command:
Code:

sudo apt-get install proftpd

1	sudo apt-get install proftpd

2. Add this line in /etc/shells file (sudo gedit /etc/shells to open the file):
Code:

/bin/false

1	/bin/false

Create a /home/ftp directory:
Code:

cd /home
sudo mkdir ftp

1 2	cd /home sudo mkdir ftp

Create a user named ftp_user which will be used only for ftp access. This user don’t need a valid shell (more secure) therefore select /bin/false shell
for ftp_user and /home/ftp as home directory (property button in user and group window).
To make this section clearer, i give you the equivalent command line to create the user, but it would be better to use the GUI (System -> Administration -> User -> Group) to create the user since users here often got problems with the user creation and the password (530 error) with the command line, so i really advice to use the GUI :
Code:

sudo useradd ftp_user -p your_password -d /home/ftp -s /bin/false
sudo passwd ftp_user

1 2	sudo useradd ftp_user -p your_password -d /home/ftp -s /bin/false sudo passwd ftp_user

In ftp directory create a download and an upload directory:
Code:

cd /home/ftp/
sudo mkdir download
sudo mkdir upload

cd /home/ftp/

sudo mkdir download

sudo mkdir upload

Now we have to set the good permissions for these directories:
Code:

cd /home
sudo chmod 755 ftp
cd ftp
sudo chmod 755 download
sudo chmod 777 upload

cd /home

sudo chmod 755 ftp

cd ftp

sudo chmod 755 download

sudo chmod 777 upload

3. OK, now go to the proftpd configuration file:
Code:

sudo gedit /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf

1	sudo gedit /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf

and edit your proftpd.conf file like that if it fit to your need:

Code:

# To really apply changes reload proftpd after modifications.
AllowOverwrite on
AuthAliasOnly on

# Choose here the user alias you want !!!!
UserAlias sauron userftp

ServerName "Server_Name"
ServerType standalone
DeferWelcome on

MultilineRFC2228 on
DefaultServer on
ShowSymlinks off

TimeoutNoTransfer 600
TimeoutStalled 100
TimeoutIdle 2200

DisplayFirstChdir .message
ListOptions "-l"

RequireValidShell off

TimeoutLogin 20

RootLogin off

# It's better for debug to create log files
ExtendedLog /var/log/ftp.log
TransferLog /var/log/xferlog
SystemLog /var/log/syslog.log

#DenyFilter \*.*/

# I don't choose to use /etc/ftpusers file (set inside the users you want to ban, not useful for me)
UseFtpUsers off

# Allow to restart a download
AllowStoreRestart on

# Port 21 is the standard FTP port, so you may prefer to use another port for security reasons (choose here the port you want)
Port 1980

# To prevent DoS attacks, set the maximum number of child processes
# to 30. If you need to allow more than 30 concurrent connections
# at once, simply increase this value. Note that this ONLY works
# in standalone mode, in inetd mode you should use an inetd server
# that allows you to limit maximum number of processes per service
# (such as xinetd)
MaxInstances 8

# Set the user and group that the server normally runs at.
User nobody
Group nogroup

# Umask 022 is a good standard umask to prevent new files and dirs
# (second parm) from being group and world writable.
Umask 022 022

PersistentPasswd off

MaxClients 8
MaxClientsPerHost 8
MaxClientsPerUser 8
MaxHostsPerUser 8

# Display a message after a successful login
AccessGrantMsg "welcome !!!"
# This message is displayed for each access good or not
ServerIdent on "you're at home"

# Set /home/ftp directory as home directory
DefaultRoot /home/ftp

# Lock all the users in home directory, ***** really important *****
DefaultRoot ~

MaxLoginAttempts 5

#VALID LOGINS

AllowUser userftp
DenyALL
</Limit>

<Directory /home/ftp>
Umask 022 022
AllowOverwrite off
<Limit MKD STOR DELE XMKD RNRF RNTO RMD XRMD>
DenyAll
</Limit>
</Directory>

<Directory /home/ftp/download/*>

Umask 022 022
AllowOverwrite off
<Limit MKD STOR DELE XMKD RNEF RNTO RMD XRMD>
DenyAll
</Limit>
</Directory>

<Directory> /home/ftp/upload/>
Umask 022 022
AllowOverwrite on
<Limit READ RMD DELE>

DenyAll
</Limit>

<Limit STOR CWD MKD>
AllowAll
</Limit>
</Directory>

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

# To really apply changes reload proftpd after modifications.

AllowOverwrite on

AuthAliasOnly on

# Choose here the user alias you want !!!!

UserAlias sauron userftp

ServerName "Server_Name"

ServerType standalone

DeferWelcome on

MultilineRFC2228 on

DefaultServer on

ShowSymlinks off

TimeoutNoTransfer 600

TimeoutStalled 100

TimeoutIdle 2200

DisplayFirstChdir .message

ListOptions "-l"

RequireValidShell off

TimeoutLogin 20

RootLogin off

# It's better for debug to create log files

ExtendedLog /var/log/ftp.log

TransferLog /var/log/xferlog

SystemLog /var/log/syslog.log

#DenyFilter \*.*/

# I don't choose to use /etc/ftpusers file (set inside the users you want to ban, not useful for me)

UseFtpUsers off

# Allow to restart a download

AllowStoreRestart on

# Port 21 is the standard FTP port, so you may prefer to use another port for security reasons (choose here the port you want)

Port 1980

# To prevent DoS attacks, set the maximum number of child processes

# to 30. If you need to allow more than 30 concurrent connections

# at once, simply increase this value. Note that this ONLY works

# in standalone mode, in inetd mode you should use an inetd server

# that allows you to limit maximum number of processes per service

# (such as xinetd)

MaxInstances 8

# Set the user and group that the server normally runs at.

User nobody

Group nogroup

# Umask 022 is a good standard umask to prevent new files and dirs

# (second parm) from being group and world writable.

Umask 022 022

PersistentPasswd off

MaxClients 8

MaxClientsPerHost 8

MaxClientsPerUser 8

MaxHostsPerUser 8

# Display a message after a successful login

AccessGrantMsg "welcome !!!"

# This message is displayed for each access good or not

ServerIdent on "you're at home"

# Set /home/ftp directory as home directory

DefaultRoot /home/ftp

# Lock all the users in home directory, ***** really important *****

DefaultRoot ~

MaxLoginAttempts 5

#VALID LOGINS

AllowUser userftp

DenyALL

</Limit>

Umask 022 022

AllowOverwrite off

DenyAll

</Limit>

</Directory>

Umask 022 022

AllowOverwrite off

DenyAll

</Limit>

</Directory>

<Directory> /home/ftp/upload/>

Umask 022 022

AllowOverwrite on

DenyAll

</Limit>

AllowAll

</Limit>

</Directory>

Ok you have done proftpd configuration. Your server is on port 1980 (in this exemple) and the access parameters are
user: ftp_user
password: the one you’ve set for ftp_user

4. To start/stop/restart your server:
Code:

sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd start
sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd stop
sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart

sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd start

sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd stop

sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart

To perform a syntax check of your proftpd.conf file:
Code:

sudo proftpd -td5

1	sudo proftpd -td5

To know who is connected on your server in realtime use “ftptop” command (use “t” caracter to swich to rate display), you can also use the “ftpwho”
command.

cviorel.com

Tag Archives: command line

Get System Information Using the Terminal

HOWTO: Create a FTP server with user access (proftpd)

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cviorel.com

Tag Archives: command line

Get System Information Using the Terminal

HOWTO: Create a FTP server with user access (proftpd)

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